National Parks of India - Part 1

Not only India, but all the countries of the world are taking steps in this direction for the protection of forests and wildlife, so that biodiversity can be preserved. We should know that forest and wildlife in India are kept in the Concurrent List under the Indian Constitution. In the context of this, the Ministry of Forest and Environment has also been formed at the central and state level. While the Union Ministry of Forest and Environment prepares the outline of national policies, plans and programs in the context of their conservation, the ministries constituted at the state level implement it.

National parks located in different states of India will be known under the following headings, whose links are given below –

• National Parks of India – Part 1 – National Parks located in Jammu – Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana.
• National Parks of India – Part 2  – National Parks located in Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
• National Parks of India – Part 3  – National Parks located in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
• National Parks of India – Part 4 – National Parks located in Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
• National Parks of India – Part 5 – National Parks located in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and West Bengal.
• National Parks of India – Part 6  – National Parks located in Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh.
• National Parks of India – Part 7 – National Parks located on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Efforts have been made to conserve forests and wildlife in India by setting up different centers or parks or sanctuaries, whose classification is as follows –

1. National park 
2. National Wildlife Sanctuary 
3. Wildlife Conservation Project 
4. Reserved Area 
5. Biosphere Reserve

In this article titled National Parks of India, we will know the areas declared under the National Park of India and their status and characteristics.

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National Parks of India

A national park is a large area, consisting of one or several different types of ecosystems or biomes, where human activities, acquisition or grazing of cattle, hunting, etc., are not allowed in any way. Various types of trees, plants and wildlife reside in these areas. National Parks are established by the Central Government with the aim of providing safe habitats to forests and wildlife.

Following are the list of National Parks located in India –

A. National Park Located in Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh

Following National Parks are found in Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh - 

1. Dachigam National Park
2. Salim Ali (City Forest) National Park
3. Hemis High Altitude National Park
4. Kishtwar High Altitude National Park
5. Kazinag National Park 

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01. Dachigam National Park 

• Declared National Park in 1981 
• Located in Srinagar  ( Jammu & Kashmir ).
• Kashmiri Hangul (red deer), musk deer, panther and poultry are found here.

02.  Salim Ali (City Forest) National Park

• Declared National Park in 1986 
• Located in Srinagar ( Jammu & kashmir ) , Near Srinagar Airport (Jammu and Kashmir). 
• It is named after the Indian ornithologist Salim Ali. 
• Hangul, brown bear, Himalayan snow cock bird and 70 types of birds are found here.

03. Hemis High Altitude National Park

• Declared National Park in 1987 
• Located in Eastern Ladakh region (Ladakh) , situated on the banks of the Indus River. 
• It is the largest national park in India. 
• Here Sah (Snow Leopard), Tibetan deer,
• Tibetan sheep (Argali) and different species of birds are found.

Tibetan sheep - Argali

04. Kishtwar High Altitude National Park

• Declared National Park in 1990 
• Located in Kishtwar district of Jammu region (Jammu and Kashmir).  
• The brown bears and the hens found in the snowy regions (Himalayan snow cock) are found.

5. Kazinag National Park 

• Located on the north bank of the Jhelum River in Baramulla district (Jammu and Kashmir).
• Markhor, bear, Himalayan deer, 20 types of mammals and 120 types of birds are found here.

Markhor

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B. National park Located in Himanchal Pradesh

Following National Parks are found in Himanchal Pradesh - 

1. Great Himalayan National Park 
2. Pin Valley National Park
3. Kheerganga National Park
4. Inderkila National Park
5. Simbalbara National Park

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  01. Great Himalayan National Park 

• Declared National Park in 1984 (Official announcement – 1999) 
• Located in Kullu Valley (Himanchal Pradesh) 
• It is a park located at an altitude of 1500 – 6000 meters.
• It is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site list.
• Apart from many types of grass and medicinal plants, almost 10000 species of plants are found.
• Here many species of animals including Himalayan Black Bear, Himalayan Brown bear, red fox, many types of birds, reptiles, mammals, insects, Molluscs and amphibians etc. are found.

02. Pin Valley National Park

• Declared National Park in 1987 
• Located in Spiti valley located between Lahul and Spiti district (Himanchal Pradesh) .
• Here Sah or Snow Leopard, Siberian Ibex And many are the habitat of extinct creatures.
• Many Buddhist pilgrimage sites are located inside this national park.

03. Kheerganga National Park

• Declared National Park in 2010
• Located in Kullu district (Himanchal Pradesh).
• It is situated at an altitude of 5500 meters.
• Many species of bears and other species, birds and trees and plants are found here.

04. Inderkila National Park

• Declared National Park in 2010 
• Located in Kullu District (Himanchal Pradesh) .
• Here many extinct species of animals, birds and trees and plants are found which can be seen. 
• Many species of plants with medicinal properties are found in this region.

05. Simbalbara National Park

• Declared National Park in 2010 
• Located in Sirmour district (Himanchal Pradesh) .
• It was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1958, in which some more areas were added and declared a national park in 2010 
• Many types of animals and birds like Sambhar, Chital, Deer, Barasingha, Himalayan Black Bear, Hanuman Langur etc. are found in this area.

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C. National park Located in Hariyana

Following National Parks are found in Hariyana - 

1. Sultanpur National Park
2. Kalesar National Park

01. Sultanpur National Park

• Declared National Park in 1991 
• Located in Gurgaon District (Haryana).
• It is a habitat for local as well as migratory birds. 
• There are more than 250 Species of birds can be seen. 
• Migratory birds start coming here around the month of September.

02. Kalesar National Park

• Declared National Park in 2003 
• Located in Yamunanagar district (Haryana).
• Kalesar Temple is named after the Kalesar Temple (Shiva Temple) inside the park. 
• It is also a bird conservation place.
• Kaleshwar Wildlife Sanctuary is located inside this park.
• At present it is not a national park, but this area is known as Simbalbara National Park of Himachal Pradesh.

Different Branches and Sub-Branches of Science and Their Fields of Study

Under the National Parks of India – Part 1, we got to know about Forest and Wildlife Conservation, as well as we got to know about the national parks located in Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. We will know about the national parks located in other states in the next few articles.