Street Studies

Botanical Name and Family of the Plant with Local Name, the botanical name of a various plant according to families like Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae , Liliaceae etc. Family –  Cruciferae  or  Brassicace Sr. No. Local Name Botanical Name 1 Yellow Mustard ( सरसों  ) Brassica compestris 2 Black Mustard ( सरसों  ) Brassica nigra 3 White Mustard ( सरसों  ) Brassica alba 4 Brown Mustard ( राई ) Brassica juncea 5 Hedge Mustard ( बनारसी राई ) Sisymbrium officinale 6 Radish ( मुली ) Raphanus sativus 7 Turnip ( शलजम ) Brassica rapa 8 Brussels Sprout ( बटन गोभी  ) Brassica oleracea var gemmifera 9 Cauliflower ( फूल गोभी  ) Brassica oleracea var botrytis 10 Cabbage ( पत्ता गोभी  ) Brassica oleracea var capitata 11 Knol – Knol ( गांठ गोभी ) Brassica oleracea var caulorapa Chromosomal Disorder in Human Family –  Malvaceae Sr. No. Local Name Botanical Name 1 Lady Finger ( भिण्डी  ) Hibiscus esculentus 2 Cotton Tree ( सेमल  ) Bombax malabarica 3...

Bt Crop Containing Bt Toxin Gene Bt refers to Bacillus thuringiensis i.e. Bt crop contains the amount of toxin obtained from the above bacterium or rather Bt toxin is formed in these crops which is active only when the crop is eaten by insects. In this way, after eating the crop, this toxin becomes active by going into the intestine of the insect and the insect dies. Pongal : A South Indian Festival Now the question arises that how did this poison reach inside the plants. Bt bacteria store many toxin proteins inside their spores and this toxin protein is made by the Bt toxin gene present inside the bacterium, that is, this toxin is produced by the Bt toxin gene. By biotechnology, this toxin gene is isolated from the bacterium and put in the gene of crop plants, due to which this toxin starts forming inside the crop plants as well. Exogenous Forces - Weathering and Erosion When Bt toxin is in the cell of bacteria or crop plants, then it is in dormant state and at this time it is called...

Addiction or Bad Habits Addiction means getting used to some object or activity. When a person’s habits become his addiction. He doesn’t even know it. If someday he does not get this object or activity of which he has become accustomed, then he becomes restless. Our body is a wonderful machine made by God. The parts of this body have certain functions and their limitations. But when a person starts using more of something, then our body also adapts to those substances. When a person stops taking these substances, then he experiences a decrease in physical or mental level. He always feels hallucinations. Then it is said that the person has got addicted to this substance. Bad habits not only adversely affects a person’s health and happiness, but it also leaves a deep impact on relationships with others. Due to this, the person starts having problems at home, workplace and school or other places as well. When the addicted person thinks of giving up his habits, his body does not allow him ...

Vegetative Reproduction Vegetative reproduction or vegetative propagation is also a common method of asexual reproduction found in plants. “Vegetative reproduction is the process in which a bud grows from the parent plant, which gives rise to a new plant by development. This new plant separates from the parent plant and forms a new plant." Parliamentary Question Hour Bud formation is essential in vegetative reproduction, without bud vegetative reproduction is not possible. Buds are formed in the plant in the shoot or stem or in the leaves. Therefore, all the organs that are helpful for vegetative reproduction are formed in one way or the other by the micro or long parts of the plant shoot itself. Bulbs, corms, rhizomes, tubers and stolons are some of the structures that play an important role in vegetative reproduction. Bulbs, corms, rhizomes, tubers etc. are called perennating organs. Types of Vegetative Reproduction There are two types of vegetative reproduction or vegetative pr...

Sexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction is the process in which a zygote is formed after the fusion of two gametes of opposite sexes. As a result of development in this zygote, a new organism is formed. In sexual reproduction, male and female gametes are produced in two different organisms. Unisexual Bisexual or Hermaphrodite Phenylketonuria : A Genic Mendelian Abnormalities 1. Unisexual 'When male gametes are formed in male organism and female gametes are formed in female organism, then such organisms are called unisexual organisms.' 2. Bisexual or Hermaphrodite 'When male and female gametes are formed in an organism, then this type of organism is called bisexual organism or hermaphrodite organism.' Sexual reproduction occurs in different ways in all plants and animals because the external morphology, internal morphology and physiology of all these organisms and plants are different. But they all perform sexual reproduction according to the same system. Growth of the o...

Lifetime or Life Span That certain state or time of living organism or plant till which it remains alive. is called lifetime. In other words, the period or time period from birth to death of an organism or plant class is called life span. After the birth of the organism, the activities of growth, development, maturation and reproduction take place, in the end old age comes and the organism dies. Phenylketonuria : A Genic Mendelian Abnormalities Reproduction After the completion of the time period of the living being, the living being dies, but before the death, it produces a living being similar to itself, which maintains the continuity of the progeny of that living being. Therefore, 'Reproduction is that action of the organism, by which it gives birth to its own organism or progeny.' This progeny maintains the continuity of the living organism's life. In other words, 'the ability of an organism to produce new offspring similar to itself is called reproduction.' Inf...

Divergence From Mendelism or Neomendelism We have already discussed about the  Mendel's laws  in previous articles. in such events whose results deviate from Mendel's laws  , called Neomendelism . Following are the divergence from  Mendel's laws  - Incomplete Dominance Or Intermediate Inheretance Codominance Lethal Gene Multiple Allelism Pleiotropic Gene Complementary Gene Supplementary Gene Pseudoallelic Gene or Duplicated Gene Epistasis Dominant epistasis Recessive Epistasis Ministries and Departments of Govt. of India 1 . Incomplete Dominance Or Intermediate Inheretance When hybridization is done between one dominant and one recessive parent, none of the traits obtained in the first generation (F 1) progeny are dominant, but the traits obtained in the offspring of the F 1 generation are those of both the parents. This phenomenon is called incomplete dominance or intermediate inheritance. It was discovered by Carl Correns in 1903. Example – 1: By crossing two ...

Albinism Like Alkaptonuria , Phenylketonuria and Sickle cell anaemia , it is also a genic Mendelian abnormality caused by the presence of a homozygous recessive gene. Melanin Pigment is not found in the person suffering from such disorder. Because of this, the hair, iris and skin of the afflicted person all become colourless. This disorder is called Albinism . Edicts and Architecture of Mauryan Cause of Albinism This is also a Genetic Mendelian Abnormality. It also appears due to recessive genes. In normal condition, tyrosine amino acid formed in the metabolism of Phenylalanine is formed in the presence of necessary enzymes to form Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), which is converted into Melanin Pigment. In abnormal condition, the enzyme that produces Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) from Tyrosine Amino Acid is not formed. It is caused by recessive genes. Due to non-production of essential enzymes, Melanin Pigment is also not produced and the organs of the person remain colourless. This ...

Genic Mendelian Abnormality In genetic Mendelian disorders , one disorder or the other occurs due to a mutation in the gene. Alkaptonuria is also an example of this. It is only a disorder in the metabolic process of Phenylalanine, as we read in Phenylketonuria . Regulation of metabolism is done by different enzymes at each stage and different enzymes are produced by different genes. On this basis, 'Beadle and Tatum' propounded the 'one gene, one enzyme' hypothesis. Parliamentary Committees If the condition of the gene changes in any one phase or more than one phase, then distortion is seen in the human body. This is called Genic Mendelian Abnormality . Alkaptonuria is also caused by dysfunctional gene activation in the next step of metabolism in Phenylketonuria . National Parks of India Alkaptonuria This is also due to homozygous recessive genes . It was first studied by Garrod . In the normal state of Phenylalanine metabolism, the amino acid Tyrosine is formed from Phe...

Genic Mendelian Abnormalities Phenylketonuria is also a  genetic Mendelian disorder  caused by recessive genes, like  sickle cell anemia.  As we have read in the previous chapter, some or the other enzyme plays an important role in each and every step of metabolism in the body, if one of these enzymes is absent or gets altered due to any reason, then the metabolism gets disturbed. are seen. Considering this as the basis,  'Beadle and Tatum' presented a hypothesis called 'one gene, one enzyme'. Inheritance of Sex Linked Genes In this way, due to the change of genes in metabolism, one or the other disorder comes in the human being, or some disease or disease arises. It is a genetic disorder, which arises due to recessive genes. There are many types of it, in which  sickle cell anemia , Phenylketonuria , Alkaptonuria , Albinism etc. are prominent. Phenylketonuria Or PKU Phenylketonuria or PKU is also a disease caused by the presence of a recessive gene. Due ...

Genetic Mendelian Disorder. It is a Genic Mendelian Abnormalities , which arise due to a recessive gene. According to 'Beadle and Tatum' , one or the other enzyme plays its role in each step of metabolism in the body. If any one enzyme is changed or absent in this process, its effect is visible in the form of some disorder or disease. On this basis, 'Beadle and Tatum' presented a hypothesis called 'One Gene, One Enzyme'. Sickle cell anemia is also one such genetic disorder. Inheritance of Sex Linked Genes In this way we can say, when a gene is changed or absent in the metabolic process, the condition of the enzymes responsible for the metabolic process is affected. Due to which diseases or ailments arise in humans. The disease caused by the effect of this gene is called genetic Mendelian disorder. There are many types of it like – Sickle Cell Anemia , Phenylketonuria (PKU) , Alkaptonuria , Albinism etc. Sickle Cell Anaeamia As it is clear from the name, Anem...