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Constitution of India - Constituent Assembly and Committees

The first attempt to frame a constitution by Indians is considered to be the Nehru Report presented at the Congress conference in 1928 under the chairmanship of Moti Lal Nehru. Representatives in the Constituent Assembly were elected by the elected members of the Provincial Assembly in 1945. The proposal to give a constitution to India was passed by the Constituent Assembly on 22 January 1947.

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The Constitution of India was prepared by the Constituent Assembly, whose first meeting was held on 9 December 1946 in New Delhi. The Muslim League boycotted this meeting. Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha, the senior most member of the meeting, was elected as the temporary president of this meeting. On 11 December 1946, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected the permanent President of the Constituent Assembly. A total of 12 sessions were held by the Constituent Assembly during the making of the Constitution. Out of which the 11th session took place on 26 November 1949, and the constitution was adopted, while the 12th session took place on 24 January 1950, in which the constitution was signed by the members.

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Constituent Assembly of India – At a Glance

  • Elected members from 11 provinces of British India – 292
  • From 4 Chief Commissioner Areas – 4
  • Representatives of princely states – 93

Thus the total members of the Constituent Assembly were – 389, in which the number of Scheduled Tribes – 33, the number of Scheduled Castes – 26 and 

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The number of women – 15, whose names are as follows – 

  1. Vijayalakshmi Pandit
  2. Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
  3. Sarojini Naidu
  4. Sucheta Kriplani
  5. Poornima Banerjee
  6. Leela Rai
  7. G. Durgabai
  8. Hansa Mehta
  9. Kamla Chowdhary
  10. Renuka Rai
  11. Malati Chowdhary
  12. Dakshayani Velayudhan
  13. Begum Ejaz Rasool
  14. Anne Mascarini
  15. Ammu Swaminathan

The final draft of the constitution was prepared on 26 November 1949. The provisions related to citizenship, election and interim parliament were implemented on this day. For this reason, November 26 is celebrated every year as Law Day in India.

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The last meeting of the Constituent Assembly took place on 24 January 1950 and the constitution prepared on this day was signed by the members of the Constituent Assembly and Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected the first President of India. On 26 January 1950, the entire constitution was implemented and India was declared a republic.

A seven-member drafting committee was formed under the chairmanship of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar to consider the draft of the constitution prepared by Shri B.N. Rao (Sir Benegal Narasimha Rao), the constitutional advisor of the Constituent Assembly. Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar is called the 'Father of the Constituent Assembly' because of his contribution to the Drafting Committee. The Secretary of the Constituent Assembly was B.I. Iyengar.

Why only 26 January?

The reason for choosing January 26 to implement the constitution is that in the December 1929 session of the Congress in Lahore, a resolution for full independence was passed and it was decided to celebrate January 26 every year as Independence Day.

Drafting Committee Members

  1. Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar – President
  2. N. Gopal Swami Iyengar
  3. Krishna Swamy Iyer
  4. KM Munshi - the only Congress member
  5. Syed Muhammad Sadullah
  6. N. Madhav Rao (in place of B. L. Mitra)
  7. D. P. Khaitan (in place of T. T. Krishnamachari)

Constitution Making Committees And Their Presidents

  1. Drafting Committee – Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar
  2. Temporary President of the Constituent Assembly – Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha
  3. Permanent President of the Constituent Assembly – Dr. Rajendra Prasad
  4. Union Constitution Committee – Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
  5. Provincial Constitution Committee – Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  6. Flag Committee – J. B. Kriplani
  7. Minorities Consultative Committee – Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
  8. Minorities Sub-Committee : HC Mukherjee
  9. Basic Rights Committee – Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
  10. Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee : J. B. Kriplani
  11. Native States Settlement Committee – Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
  12. Steering Committee – Dr. Rajendra Prasad

The Constitution of India is the largest and detailed written constitution in the world, which took 2 years, 11 months and 18 days to prepare and the Constituent Assembly held 166 days of meetings. 63 lakh 96 thousand 729 rupees were spent in the making of the constitution.

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