Parliamentary Committees

Parliamentary Committees

Such committees are appointed or elected by the House, or nominated by the Speaker and work under the direction of the Speaker and submit their report to the House or to the Speaker. Parliamentary committees are called.

The Secretariat of the Committee is provided by the Lok Sabha Secretariat. Due to excessive work and limited time, the Parliament is not able to consider various issues and legislative matters in depth. For this reason, he depends on parliamentary committees for all these works, that is, Parliament completes a lot of its work through these parliamentary committees.

Committees have existed in our country India since ancient times, but in present times, the development of parliamentary committees was implemented as a result of Montagu-Chelmsford's reforms. Due to the excessive work expansion of these committees, they are also called mini parliaments.

Internal Structure Of The Earth

Evolution of Parliamentary Committees : A Glance

• In the year 1989, the Rules Committee of the Lok Sabha presented an outline for the constitution of three committees related to the subject department, which was accepted. Under this, Agriculture Committee, Environment and Forest Committee and Science and Technology Committee were formed.
• In the year 1991, the Rules Committee again recommended that the government constitute a separate committee for all the departments, accepting which 17 committees were formed. A total of 45 members were nominated in these committees, in which 30 were nominated from the Lok Sabha and 15 from the Rajya Sabha. No member of the Council of Ministers can be a member of these committees. While the chairman of these committees is elected by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha from among the members.
• In July 2004, the proposal to increase the number of committees from 17 to 24 was accepted by the Lok Sabha and the number of members in these committees was increased to 31, in which 21 are nominated from Lok Sabha and 10 from Rajya Sabha.

Plateau - Relief of the Crust

Constitution of Committees

The committee related to the Lok Sabha is formed by the Lok Sabha and the committee related to the Rajya Sabha is formed by the Rajya Sabha. When a Joint Committee is constituted by both the Houses, it is called Joint Committee or Joint Select Committee. The Joint Committee consists of members of both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The chairman of the Joint Committee is elected by the Lok Sabha.

Purpose of Parliamentary Committees

Parliamentary committees have the following objectives –

• To establish control over the executive.
• To make the policies of administration effective.
• Acting as a link between the public and the government.
• To study any subject related to administration and the public and to investigate it when it is needed.
• To educate the members of Parliament about the methods and problems of administrative operations.

Proper Hoisting of The National Flag and Its Misuse

Types of Committees

On the basis of Nature and Work , we can say that there are two types of Committees. that is - 

        

        ( A )  On the Basis of Nature 

                          ( 1 )  Standing Committees

                          ( 2 )  Ad hoc Committees

        

        ( B )  On the Basis of Methodology or Working Method

                          ( 1 )  Financial Committees

                          ( 2 )  Committees related to various departments

                          ( 3 )  Other Parliamentary Committees

                          ( 4 )  Ad hoc Committees  

(A) On The Basis of Nature

Based on the nature of the committees, they are mainly of two types –

1. Standing Committees
2. Ad hoc Committees

1. Standing Committees

Standing Committees are permanent and regular committees, which are constituted under the provisions of various Acts of Parliament or under the rules of procedure and conduct of business of Lok Sabha. Their work is of continuous nature. Financial committees and committees related to various departments are standing committees.

2 . Ad hoc Committees

A committee related to a specific task is called an ad hoc committee. When these committees submit their report, their tenure ends and they are dissolved. Select Committee / Joint Select Committee related to Bills are examples of Ad-hoc Committee.

How Blood Donation is Good For Health ?

(B) On The Basis of Methodology or Working Method

On the basis of working method, committees can be divided into the following categories –

1. Financial Committees
2. Committees Related to Various Departments
3. Other Parliamentary Committees
4. Ad hoc Committees

1 . Financial Committees

Such committees, which are formed for the purpose of expenditure and administrative reforms of the government, are called financial committees. Mainly three committees are included under this –

Sr. No.	Name of the Committee	Affiliation	No. of members	Tenur
01	Estimates Committee	Related to Lok Sabha	30 Member	One year
02	Public Accounts Committee	Joint Parliamentary Committee	22 Member    (15 from Lok Sabha and 7 from Rajya Sabha)	One year
03	Committee on Government  Undertakings	Joint Parliamentary   Committee	22 Member   (15 from Lok Sabha and 7 from Rajya Sabha)	One year

Important Facts Related to Tricolor

2 . Committees Related to Various Departments

Committees related to departments under various ministries of the government have been placed under it. A total of 24 permanent committees have been kept under this. Their tenure will not exceed 1 year. The number of members in these committees is 31, out of which 21 members are elected from Lok Sabha and 10 members from Rajya Sabha. The names of these committees are as follows –

Sr. No.	Name of the Committee	Affiliation To
01	Committee on Commerce	Rajya Sabha
02	Committee on Home Affairs	Rajya Sabha
03	Committee on Human Resource Development	Rajya Sabha
04	Committee on Industry	Rajya Sabha
05	Committee on Science and Technology, Environment and Forests	Rajya Sabha
06	Committee on Transport, Tourism and Culture	Rajya Sabha
07	Committee on Health and Family Welfare	Rajya Sabha
08	Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice	Rajya Sabha
09	Committee on Agriculture	Lok Sabha
10	Committee on Information Technology	Lok Sabha
11	Committee on Defense	Lok Sabha
12	Committee on Energy	Lok Sabha
13	Committee on Foreign Affairs	Lok Sabha
14	Committee on Finance	Lok Sabha
15	Committee on Food, Civil Supplies and Public Distribution	Lok Sabha
16	Committee on Labor	Lok Sabha
17	Committee on Petroleum and Natural Gas	Lok Sabha
18	Committee on Railways	Lok Sabha
19	Committee on Urban Development	Lok Sabha
20	Committee on Water Resources	Lok Sabha
21	Committee on Chemicals and Fertilizers	Lok Sabha
22	Committee on Rural Development	Lok Sabha
23	Committee on Coal and Steel	Lok Sabha
24	Committee on Social Justice and Empowerment	Lok Sabha

Lokpal : Structure & It's Function

3 .  Other Parliamentary Committees

The number of these standing committees is 16.

Sr. No.	Name of the Committee	No. of Members	Tenure
01	Business Advisory Committee	15	Not fixed, will remain till the reconstitution is done
02	Privileges Committee	15	Not fixed, will remain till reconstitution
03	Committee related to absence of members from the meetings of the Sabha	15	One Year
04	Committee on empowering women	30 (Lok Sabha - 20, Rajya Sabha - 10)	One year
05	Committee on Government Assurances	15	One Year
06	Committee on Papers Laid on the Table	15	One Year
07	Petition Committee	15	Not fixed, will remain till reconstitution.
08	Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions	15	One year
09	Committee on Subordinate Legislation	15	One year
10	General Purposes Committee	Not Assigned	Not Assigned
11	Housing Committee	12	One year
12	Joint Committee on Offices of Profit	10 (Lok Sabha - 10, Rajya Sabha – 5)	for the term of the Lok Sabha
13	Joint Committee on Salary and Allowances of Members of Parliament	10 (Lok Sabha - 10, Rajya Sabha – 5)	One year
14	Library Committee	9 ( Lok Sabha - 6 , Rajya Sabha - 3 )	---------
15	Rules Committee	15	Not fixed, will remain till reconstitution
16	Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes	30 (Lok Sabha - 20, Rajya Sabha - 10)	One year

Green Hydrogen : A Source of Renewable Energy

4.  Ad hoc Committees

Sr. No. Name of the Committee  No. of Members Tenure  01 Railway Convention Committee 18 (Lok Sabha - 12, Rajya Sabha - 6) for the duration of one Lok Sabha 02 Committee related to providing computers to Members of Parliament and officers of Lok Sabha Secretariat 16 for the duration of one Lok Sabha 03 Member of Parliament Local Area Development Planning Committee 24 One year 04 Ethics Committee 15 Not fixed, will remain till reconstitution 05 Committee on Food Management in Parliament House Complex 15 (Lok Sabha - 10, Rajya Sabha - 5) One Year 06 Committee for installation of statues/photographs of national leaders and parliamentarians in the Parliament House complex 10 ( Lok Sabha - 7 , Rajya Sabha - 3 ) for the duration of  One Lok Sabha   07 Committee on Security in Parliament House Complex 10 ( Lok Sabha - 7 , Rajya Sabha - 3 ) One year 08 Committee to investigate the constitutional and legal position related to the office of profit 15 till the submission of the report   09 Committee to investigate the misconduct of members of the Lok Sabha 11 Not fixed

Hybridization Experiment of Gregor John Mendel and Mendel