Green Hydrogen : A Source of Renewable Energy

GREEN HYDROGEN

Green Hydrogen can also be defined as hydrogen. Hydrogen is the simplest and smallest element of the periodic table, which is found in abundance in nature. It is also found freely in nature. It can also be obtained by splitting water into its constituents, Hydrogen and Oxygen, by electrolysis. Hydrogen is a lightweight, storable, energy-intensive and highly reactive fuel. There is no direct emission of any air pollutant or greenhouse as a result of its combustion. In this way, we can say that Green Hydrogen is such a source of renewable energy, which along with meeting our future energy needs, it also gets rid of many types of pollution.

Production of Green Hydrogen

We get it through various processes like fossil fuel, biomass, water and natural gas. At present, about 3/4 of the total production of green hydrogen is being obtained from natural gas. Due to the cost of its production being very expensive, only a few plants have been established so far. We get it by the following methods –

• Steam Methene Reforming – SMR technology and Auto Thermal Reforming – ATR technology are used to obtain it from natural gas.
• Electrolysis technology is used to obtain it from water.
• It is also made by Methene Pyrolysis Technique.

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Storage of Green Hydrogen

There are many challenges in its storage, which are as follows –

• It is less dense than gasoline, so transporting it is a difficult task.
• Being lightweight, transporting it in gas pipes is a complex task.
• It makes steel and welding brittle, due to which the joints of steel pipes are opened. Therefore, the possibility of its leakage increases when it is transported through pipes. Therefore, there is a need to lay a separate pipeline for its transportation, which is not made of steel or iron.
• It is an odorless liquid, due to which it is not easy to detect its leak. We can use sensor to detect the leak.
• To liquefy and store it will require a low temperature of about -2530C, which is a challenging task.
• We can convert it into liquid by compressing it even by 700 times atmospheric pressure.

Types of Green Hydrogen

We have read that it is produced from many substances. Green hydrogen is divided into white, green, blue, gray, black, brown, pink, turquoise and yellow on the basis of its receipt and production. These are not the colors of hydrogen, but they tell the way it is produced. Following are the general descriptions of its different types –

1. White Hydrogen

This is naturally occurring hydrogen. It is naturally stored in the underground. No strategy or technique has been developed so far to exploit it.

2. Green Hydrogen

It is also known as clean hydrogen. It is obtained from the fission of water by electrolysis process. The energy used in this process is taken from renewable sources (wind energy, solar energy etc.). In this way, no type of pollutant or green house gas is generated in its production. But the quantity of its production is very less.

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3. Blue Hydrogen

It is obtained from natural gas. In this, natural gas is divided into hydrogen and carbon dioxide by SMR technique or ATR technique. The hydrogen thus obtained is called blue hydrogen. The carbon dioxide released in its production is stored. In this way, it does not cause much harm to the environment.

4. Grey Hydrogen

It is also made from natural gas by SMR technology or ATR technology, the only difference is that the carbon dioxide released in it is not stored, but it is released into the atmosphere. This is the common form of production of green hydrogen.

5. Black or Brown Hydrogen

This is the most common form of green hydrogen production. Fossil fuels are used in this. In this, green hydrogen is obtained by combustion of black coal i.e. bituminous and brown coal i.e. lignite. A very small amount of hydrogen is obtained in this process. In this, a large amount of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are released into the atmosphere by the combustion of coal.

6. Firoja Hydrogen

It is made by the process of Methene Pyrolysis. In this process, solid carbon is produced along with the receipt of green hydrogen. Dew solid carbon is used for tire manufacturing and soil improvement.

7. Pink Hydrogen

It is also made by electrolysis process of water similar to green hydrogen, but the energy used in it is not renewable energy (solar energy, wind energy etc.). Nuclear energy is used in this.

8. Yellow Hydrogen

It is also made in the same way as green hydrogen. In this, water is divided into its components by the process of electrolysis using solar energy. The hydrogen obtained is stored.

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Benefits or Uses of Green Hydrogen

1. We can store it, which we can use whenever we need. It is a quick source of energy. When we need it, we can get energy immediately through it and can use the received energy.
2. Green hydrogen can be converted into electricity or synthetic gas. It can be used for domestic, commercial, industrial or other dynamic purposes, that is, it can be used in many fields and in different works.
   1. It can be mixed with natural gas in the ratio of 20% and delivered to homes through gas pipelines. In this way it can be used in various household works.
   2. In transport, it can be used as fuel in ships, aircraft, trains, trucks, buses, cars and motorcycles etc. For this technical work and research is being done. Its trials have also started in some places.
   3. In agriculture, it is being used in the production of green ammonia. Green ammonia is an essential component for fertilizer production.
   4. In industries, it can also be used in the steel industry, chemical industry and refinery, due to which the emission of carbon dioxide can be reduced.

Downside or Disadvantages of Green Hydrogen

1. High cost: Electrolysis process is used to obtain green hydrogen, this energy is obtained from renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, wind energy etc. and conventional energy sources, such as fossil fuels, natural gas etc. , due to which its production becomes expensive.
2. It is 57 times lighter than gasoline, due to which it spreads rapidly into the atmosphere when it leaks. Since it is odorless, its leakage is not easy to detect. Sensors can be used to detect its leakage.
3. Green hydrogen is a highly volatile and flammable element. Comprehensive safety measures would be required to prevent an explosion in the event of a leak.

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