Indian Martial Art - Part 3

Indian Martial Art

The literal meaning of 'martial art' is - 'art related to waging war'. As we all know, India is a country of traditions and cultures. Indian martial arts or martial arts are also one of the many variations of India. In ancient times, these martial arts played an important role in defeating the opposing side and establishing their supremacy over the dynasties and primitive tribes, but in the present context, if we look at these martial arts, they are used generally in Physical health benefits, for self-defense, for religious rites and in the film world. These martial arts are mainly related to dance, yoga and performance arts.

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Different Types of Indian Martial Arts

Different types of martial arts are prevalent in different states and regions of India, some of which we will see in this article. We will see the details of the remaining others in the next article under different articles as follows –

Indian Martial Art – Part 1 

• Kalaripayattu :  Kerala
• Thang Ta Or Huyen Lalong : Manipur
• Sarit Sarak : Manipur
• Cheibi Gad Ga : Manipur
• Thoda : Himachal Pradesh

Indian Martial Art – Part 2

• Skay : Kashmir
• Silambam : Tamil Nadu
• Mardani Khel : Maharashtra
• Inbui Wrestling : Mizoram
• Fist fight : Varanasi, U.P.

Indian Martial Art – Part 3

• Gatka or Shastar Vidya : Punjab
• Stick : Punjab and West Bengal
• Paika Arena : Orissa
• Pari Khanda – Bihar
• Wrestling
• Malla War : Tamil Nadu
• Bandesh

Indian Martial Art – Part 4 

• Kuttu Varisai : Karnataka
• Kathi Samu : Andhra Pradesh
• Gusthi (Boxing) : Tamil Nadu
• Varma Kalai : Tamil Nadu
• Dao Khela : West Bengal
• Phala Khela : West Bengal

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Gatka or Shastar Vidya : Punjab

• It is an armed based martial art performed by the Sikhs of Punjab, which is performed at fairs, festivals and state functions.
• The word 'Gatka' is derived from the Sanskrit word 'Gada', which means - Sota.
• The general meaning of the word 'Gatka' is - 'Independence is by grace', that is, a person whose independence is related to grace.
• Sword, saber, dagger etc. weapons are used in this martial art.
• In this art, depending on the type of weapon, different positions of hands and feet are used for defense and attack.

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Stick : Punjab and West Bengal

• 'Lathi' is one of the oldest weapons in the world, which is mostly used by the police.
• 'Lathi' is mainly a martial art of Punjab and West Bengal, but it is a common sports competition prevalent all over India, especially in the villages of India.
• In this art, there is a bamboo stick of 6-8 feet long. Sometimes there is a pointed top of metal on the top of this stick.

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Paika Arena : Orissa

• Broadly, 'Paika Akhara' means - 'Warrior Gymnasium or Warrior School'.
• 'Paika' is an Odia word derived from 'padatika', meaning 'foot army' and 'akhara' meaning 'a place where training in martial arts is imparted'.
• 'Paika Akhara' - a collective combination of dance and martial arts, which is performed on various occasions.
• In ancient times, the training of this martial art was given to the farmers and soldiers of the state, but at present it is used only for entertainment.
• Khanda – straight sword, strap – gauntlet sword, Stick and other weapons are used in the weapons of this martial art.
• The Paikas were mainly the landlord militia of Orissa, who were granted tax exemption by the king in return for their services.
• The 'Paika Rebellion' of 1817 AD plays an important role in the Indian freedom struggle.

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Pari Khanda – Bihar

• Origin – 'Pari Khanda' martial art was developed by the Rajputs of Bihar.
• In fact, the basis of this martial art is 'Chhau dance'.
• There are two words in 'Pari Khanda', out of which 'Pari' means - Shield and 'Khanda' means - Sword. Thus this martial art is an armed fighting art based on sword and shield.
• Various techniques adopted in Chhau dance are inspired by Pari Khanda.

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Wrestling

• Wrestling is an ancient sport and art, which is organized for entertainment.
• Wrestling is a duel war played between two participants, in which no weapon is used. Physical force is predominant in this.
• This game is organized in a square or circle area.
• Origin - It probably started in that era, when the trend of weapons had not started, and man used different types of tricks to tame animals.
• Its origin in India is known after the Vedic period, because it is not described anywhere in this period.
• Sufficient description of wrestling is found in Ramayana and Mahabharata.
• This competition is organized in different categories like - fly weight, leather weight, light weight, heavy weight etc.

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Malla War : Tamil Nadu

• Malla Yuddha is also a martial art, like wrestling, without any weapon, to be fought with only muscle power.
• The wrestlers who fought in wrestling were called Mallas.
• In ancient times, mallos were appointed in the courts of many kings.
• There are two types of Malla war –
1. Ground plate ( धरनी पट्ट )
2. Asura ( आसुरा )
• In dharani patta the victory or defeat is decided by throwing the opposing warrior on the ground on his back, while in asura the opponent is hurt but cannot be killed.
• The techniques of this martial art also include Jamwanti technique, Hanumanti technique, Bhimseni technique and Zarasandhi technique.

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Bandesh

• Generally, Bandesh is a martial art without any weapon, but fought like weapons. Sometimes weapons are also used in this.
• Various entanglement hold techniques, locking, chokes and force submissions are used in the techniques of this martial art.
• Bandesh martial arts originated as a part of Malla martial arts.

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