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World Heritage Sites of India - Part 2

World Heritage Sites of India - Part 2

UNESCO works closely with the nation to preserve the world's culture and cultural sites by providing protection to them and also provides necessary technical and financial help to them if needed, so that our cultural heritage is protected. In the context of detailed information, we learned about some of the sites under the World Heritage Sites of India – First Part.

qutub minar
Qutub Minar

Under the World Heritage Sites of India, we will know those sites which have been protected by UNESCO in India. So far, a total of 38 sites of India have been included in the list of World Heritage Sites, out of which 30 cultural sites, 7 natural site areas and 1 are located in the mixed list. Along with this, 13 cultures, traditions and arts of India have been given a place in the list of intangible cultural heritage.

List Of Heritage Sites In India 

  1. Ajanta Caves , Aurangabad, Maharashtra
  2. Ellora Caves , Aurangabad , Maharashtra
  3. Taj Mahal , Agra , U.P. 
  4. Agra Fort , Agra , U.P.
  5. Sun Temple or Black Pagoda , Konark , Odisha
  6. Monuments of Mahabalipuram , Tamil Nadu
  7. Churches and Convents of Goa , Goa
  8. Khajuraho – Group of Monuments , Madhya Pradesh
  9. Fatehpur Sikri , U. P.
  10. Hampi – Group of Monuments , Bellary , Karnataka
  11. Elephanta Caves , Maharashtra
  12. Chola Group of Temples , Thanjavur , Tamil Nadu
  13. Pattadakal – Group of Monuments , Karnataka
  14. Buddhist Monument , Sanchi, M.P.
  15. Humayun's Tomb , Delhi
  16. Qutub Minar and Monument , Delhi
  17. Mountain Railway - ( West Bengal , Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh )
  18. Mahabodhi Temple , Bodhgaya , Bihar
  19. Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka , Rock Shelter,  M.P.
  20. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminal or Victoria Terminal Mumbai , Maharashtra
  21. Champaner – Pavagadh , Archaeological Park , Gujarat
  22. Red Fort Complex , Delhi
  23. Jantar - Mantar , Jaipur , Rajasthan
  24. Hill Forts , Rajasthan
  25. Rani Ki Vav Or Rani Ki Bawdi (Step well)  Gujarat

        1. Elephanta Caves , Maharashtra

        • Declared : In 1987
        • Category : Cultural site
        • Construction Period : 5th – 8th century BC
        • Constructed By : The then ruling dynasty
        • Construction Material : Natural and polished rock
        • Construction Style :  Kural and Sigiriya (Sri Lankan) painting style
        • Imagery : Hinduism and Buddhism
        • Location : 10 km east of Mumbai on Elephanta Island near the port.
        • Main Subject of Picture Style :  Caves of idols related to Lord Shankar and Buddha.
        • Specialty : This place is also known as 'Gharpuri' or 'City of Caves'. 
          • It can be divided into two groups. 
            • In the first group, five caves have the idols of Shiva associated with Hinduism, while 
            • In the second group there are two Buddhist caves. 
          • These caves were renovated in 1970.
        Elephanta Caves

        Elephanta Caves

        2. Chola Group of Temples , Thanjavur , Tamil Nadu

        • Declared : In 1987 & 2004 
        • Category : Cultural site
        • Construction Period : From 11th century to 12th century
        • Constructed By :  Chola kings (Rajaraja I, Rajendra I & II etc.)
        • Construction Material : Natural rock and granite
        • Construction Style : Dravidian Architecture
        • Predominance : Hindu religious idols
        • Temples Included In The Chola Temple Group : Brihadeswara Temple (Tanjore), Airavateswara Temple, Darasuram etc.
        Brihadeswara Temple
        Brihadeswara Temple

        3. Pattadakal – Group of Monuments , Karnataka

        • Declared : In 1987 
        • Category : Cultural site
        • Construction Period : In the 8th century
        • Built By :  Chalukya dynasty rulers
        • Construction Material :  Natural and polished rock
        • Construction Style : Nagara and Dravida architecture
        • Predominance :  Hindu religious idols
        • Specialty : There are a total of nine temples in this group, out of which eight temples are related to Lord Shiva. Pattadakal is considered a holy Hindu city.

        4. Buddhist Monument , Sanchi, M.P.

        • Declared : In 1989 
        • Category : Cultural site
        • Construction Period : 3rd century BC
        • Constructed By : Emperor Ashoka
        • Construction Material :  Natural rock, sandstone, wood and monolith
        • Location : 45 km away from Bhopal at a place called Sanchi.
        • Specialty : It was discovered in 1918. 
          • So far 50 monuments have been excavated. 
          • It is particularly famous for the pylons and marble pylons made in the Shunga period. 
          • Buddhist scenes are engraved on these.
        Sanchi

        5. Humayun's Tomb , Delhi

        • Declared : In 1993
        • Category : Cultural site
        • Construction Period : 1570 BC
        • Constructed By : Humayun's wife Haji Begum
        • Architect : Jirma Vyas
        • Construction Material :  Red sandstone and white marble
        • Construction Style : Mughal and Iranian style
        • Style Predominance :  Islamic Culture
        • Specialty : 150 of the royal family of the Mughal dynasty were buried here, including the tomb of the Mughal prince who died in the rebellion of 1857. Charbagh Garden is the main place here.
        Humayun's Tomb


        6. Qutub Minar and Monument , Delhi

        • Declared : In 1993
        • Category : Cultural site
        • Construction Period : From 1199 to 1236 AD
        • Builders :  Qutbuddin Aiwak, Iltutmish, Alauddin Khilji and Firoz Tughlaq
        • Building Material : Red Sandstone
        • Construction Style : Islamic Architecture
        • Style Predominance :  Islamic Culture
        • Specialty :  Qutub Minar's height is 72.5 meters, diameter - 14.32 meters at the base, 2.75 meters towards the top.
        • Major Monuments : Alai Darwaza, Alai Minar, Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque (India's first mausoleum in existence), Tomb of Iltutmish, Iron Pillar etc.

        7. Mountain Railway - ( West Bengal , Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh )

        • Declared : Darjeeling – Himalayan Railway - In 1999 ,
          • Nilgiri Mountain Railway - In 2005 ,
          • Kalka Shimla Railway - In 2008 ,
        • Category : Cultural site
        • Construction Period : 19th – 20th century
          • Darjeeling - Himalayan Railway (in 1881)
          • Nilgiri Mountain Railway (in 1924)
          • Kalka – Shimla Railway (in 1898)
        • Constructed By : British Rulers
        • Construction Material : Iron steel and teak wood
        • Specialty : There are five mountain railway routes in India, out of which the above three have been included in the World Heritage Site list. The remaining two other mountain railways are the Kangra Valley Railway (established in 1924) and the Matheran Hill Railway (Maharashtra).
        Darjeeling – Himalayan Railway


        8. Mahabodhi Temple , Bodhgaya , Bihar

        • Declared : In 2002
        • Category : Cultural site
        • Construction Period : 3rd Century BC
        • Constructed By : Emperor Ashoka
        • Construction Material :  Monolithic stone and polished stone pillar
        • Construction Style : Buddhist Architecture
        • Style Primacy : Based on Buddhist religious beliefs

        9. Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka , Rock Shelter,  M.P.

        • Declared : In 2003
        • Category : Cultural site
        • Construction Period : From Mesolithic Period to Historic Period
        • Creator : Mesolithic man
        • Construction Material : Sandstone and rock painting colors
        • Style Predominance  :  A glimpse of the contemporary human culture
        • Specialty : Five groups have been found in this rock shelter. 
          • These caves have 400 paintings of prehistoric times. 
          • These caves were discovered in 1957.

        10. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminal or Victoria Terminal Mumbai , Maharashtra

        • Declared : In 2004
        • Category : Cultural site
        • Construction Period : In 1887 – 88
        • Constructor : British Ruler
        • Architect : Frederick William Stevens
        • Construction Style : Gothic architectural style
        • Location : This is the historical and busiest railway station of Mumbai.

        Victoria Terminal Mumbai

        11. Champaner – Pavagadh , Archaeological Park ,  Gujarat

        • Declared : In 2004
        • Category : Cultural site
        • Construction Period : 10th – 14th century
        • Constructed By :  Raja Solanki and other rulers
        • Construction Material :  Red sandstone and natural rock
        • Construction Style : Nagara style
        • Predominance : Glimpses of Hindu, Jain and Islamic Culture between 10th – 14th Centuries
        • Specialties : Agriculture system, water transport system, residential settlement, fort, palace, religious monument and the temple of Kalka Mata built on the top of the hill of Pavagadh are important.
        Ministries and Departments of Govt. of India 
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