Mitochondria : Discovery , Morphology & Chemical Composition

-

1. Discovery & Occurance 

  • First observed by Kölliker in 1880 in the striated muscles of insects.
  • Mitochondria were actually discovered by W. Fleming and R. Altman.
  • According to Fleming (in 1882), mitochondria are thread-like structures, which he named Phyla.
  • Altman observed them in cells in 1890 and referred to them as granular particles and named them Bioplasts. That is, a thread made of granules.
  • Mitochondria was named by C. Benda. Mitochondria is made up of two words, Mitos and Chondrion. Mitos means thread, and Chondria means granule. That is, a thread made of granules.
Mitochondria

also read :  Bamiyan Buddha : A Dilapidated World Heritage
  • Ben-sley & Hoerr isolated mitochondria from liver cells in 1934.
  • Their presence in plant cells was discovered in 1904 by F. Meves in a plant called Nymphaea.
  • Michalis in 1898 discovered that mitochondria plays an important role in respiration and told that these are the centers of the Cellular Respiration.
  • All the mitochondria present in a single cell are collectively called a Chondriosome. 
    • These are also known as Chondrioplast , Plasmosome , Plastosome and Plastochondrian.
  • Except bacteria and blue-green algae , Mitochondria are present in every cells of plants and animals of living organisms.

2. Morphology Of The Mitochondria

  • Mitochondria seems like Rod-shaped , Filamentous , Spherical and Granular .
  • The morphology of mitochondria is different in every cell. 
  • The perimeter of the mitochondria is 0.5 - 2 µm. However, depending on their ability to function in certain conditions, they are found up to 7 µm in size.
  • The perimeter of the mitochondria is 0.5 - 2 µm.
  • The average length of Mitochondria is 3 - 5 µm and the diameter is 0.5 - 2 µm .
  • Depending on the cell's function and volume, the number of mitochondria in a cell can range from 50 to 50,000. Animal cells contain more mitochondria than plant cells.
    • Algae cells contains only one mitochondria.
    • Yeast cells contains less than 10 mitochondria.
    • Amoeba contains approximately 50,000 mitochondria.
    • Liver cells possess 1000 - 1600 mitochondria. Liver cells of Rat Possess 1000 to 2500 mitochondria.
    • Sea urchin eggs have 1,50,000 to 3,000,000 mitochondria.
read also :    Twins Children    ,            Heredity and Variations

3. Chemical Composition

  • Mitochondria contain 65-70% proteins, of which 30% are structural proteins and 40% are functional proteins.
  • Mitochondria contain 25-30% lipids, of which 90% are phospholipids and the remaining 10% are Carotenoids, Cholesterol, Vitamin E, etc.
  • Sulphur, Iron, Copper, Calcium, Magnesium and some other Vitamins are also found in trace amounts.
  • 70 S Ribosomes are found in mitochondria.
  • DNA , RNA and RNA Polymerase etc. are also present in mitochondria.

Sr. No.

Chemical Substances

Quantity ( in % )

01

 

Protein

65 – 70 %

i.

Structural Protein

30 %

ii.

Enzymatic Protein

40 %

02

Lipid

25 – 30 %

i.

Phospholipid

90 %

ii.

Carotenoids, Cholesterol, Vitamin E

10 %

03

RNA

0.5 %

04

DNA

Few Amount

05

Sulphur, Iron, Copper, Calcium, Magnesium and some other Vitamins

Few Amount

06

Enzymes

Few Amount
  • According to Warburz (1913), enzymes related to respiration are also found in mitochondria, which was confirmed by Schneider, Palade and Hogeboom in 1948. These enzymes are as - 
    • In Outer Membrane - Monoamine Oxidase, NADH - Cytocrome c. reductase
    • In Mitochondrial Space - Adenylatekinase , Nucleoside diphosphokinase 
    • In Inner Membrane - Succinate dehydrogenease
    • In Matrix - Malate , Isocitrate dehydrogenase

read also :  Green Hydrogen : A Source of Renewable Energy

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Evolution of the Indian Constitution : Historical Background (Part - 2)

-
Image
Evolution of the Indian Constitution : Historical Background (Part - 2) We will understand the material related to the development of the Indian Constitution in the following four parts, whose links are as follows – Evolution of the Indian Constitution : Historical Background (Part - 1) Evolution of the Indian Constitution : Historical Background (Part - 2) Evolution of the Indian Constitution : Historical Background (Part - 3) Evolution of the Indian Constitution : Historical Background (Part - 4) We can divide the development of the Indian Constitution mainly into two categories – Acts passed under the British East India Company (1773 – 1853) Regulating Act 1773 Act of Settlement 1781 Act of 1786 Pitt's India Act 1784 Charter Act, 1793 Charter Act, 1813 Charter Act, 1833 Charter Act, 1853 Acts passed under the British Crown (1857 – 1947 ) Government of India Act, 1858 Indian Councils Act, 1861 Act of 1873  Imperial Titles Act, 1876 Indian Councils Act, 1892 Indian Councils Act, 1...
Read more

Indian Martial Art - Part 4

-
Image
Indian Martial Art The  literal meaning of 'martial art' is - 'art related to waging war'.  As we all know,  India is a country of traditions and cultures . Indian martial arts or martial arts are also one of the many variations of India. In ancient times, these martial arts played an important role in defeating the opposing side and establishing their supremacy over the dynasties and primitive tribes, but in the present context, if we look at these martial arts, they are  used generally in Physical health benefits, for self-defense, for religious rites and in the film world. These martial arts are mainly related to dance, yoga and performance arts. Different Branches and Sub-Branches of Science and Their Fields of Study Different Types of Indian Martial Arts Different types of martial arts are prevalent in different states and regions of India, some of which we will see in this article. We will see the details of the remaining others in the next article under differ...
Read more

Major Facts Related to Lakes of India And The World

-
Image
Major Facts Related to Lakes The major facts related to lakes are as follows , which can be categeorise into Lakes of the World and The lakes of the India. These are as follows -  Albinism : Genetic Mendelian Abnormality Lakes of the World Deepest lake – Lake Baikal (1750 m.) The lowest depth lake – Lake Chad of Africa (3 m.). Largest lake – Caspian Sea, followed by Lake Tanganyika. Longest lake – Lake Tanganyika (660 km), Fresh water lake. Largest fresh water lake – Lake Superior (US) | Highest navigable lake – Titicaca (located on the border of Peru and Bolivia) Highest lake – Tisso Sikru (located in the plateau of Tibet). Largest caldera lake – Tobajil (Indonesia) | Most salinity lakes – Turkey's Van Lake (330%), Jordan's Dead Sea (238%), America's Great Salt Lake (220%). Edicts and Architecture of Mauryan Lakes of India The lakes located in the deltaic regions of the river Ganges are called Bhils. The lagoon lake located on the west coast of India is called Kayal. Bemba...
Read more