Begining of The Life - The Cell : A Discovery

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The cell is a unit of any living organisms. In animals and plants it is basic unit from which life originates, however few organisms posses only one cell.

  • Definition : The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Various cell organelles embedded in the cytoplasm which is enclosed with the cell membrane.
  •  The study of Cell Biology is called as Cytology.
  •  Cytology is originates from a Greek word – kytos which means hollow vessel or cell and logous means to discource.·        
  • The term cell was first used by Robert Hooke in 1965 on his investigation of the ‘texture of cork’.
  • Robert Hooke is known as the father of the Cytology.
  • George Emil Palade is widely known as the father of modern Cell Biology.
  • The word cell is originates from a greek word – cella which means a small chamber.
  • The cell is fundamental structural unit of organisms.
  • Previously the structure of the cell was thought two – phase system which consists nucleus and cytoplasm.
    • These two phases contains various organelles embedded in a semifluid medium as nucleoli, mitochondria and golgi complex.
    • These two phases works as whole integrated unit.  
The Cell : A Simple Structure
  • There are two types of cell on the basis of the development of the nucleus,   
    • Prokaryotic : As its name indicates , these are the primitive types and have simple in structural organizations. They includes bacteria, viruses and blue – green algae etc.
    • Eukaryotic : These are the developed cells and possess complex cellular organizations.
  •  Cells are seen through the microscope with few exceptions.
  • The shape of the cell is variable as it may be rounded, cylindrical, irregular, tubular, columnar, triangular, flat, spherical, long and thin.
  • The size of the cell is also variable measuring from 1µ to 1,75,000µ or 175 mm
  • The size of the Ostrich egg cell is 176 mm in diameter, that’s why we see it from naked eye. The nerve cells of the mammals may possess 3 or 3.5 feet in length.
  • The smallest cell of the animals have a diameter of 4µm while smaller cells of the pleuropneumonia like organisms ( pplo ) such as Mycoplasma gallisepticum are 0.1µ in diameter.
  •  Cell Organelles : Various cell organelles such as golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum ( ER), lysosome, peroxisomes, mitochondria, plastids, metaplasm, centrosome, microtubules, basal granules, ribosomes, nucleus, nucleolus are occur in cytoplasm which is covered by cell membrane. cilia, basal bodies & flagella are attached with cell membrane.
      read also : National Parks of India - Part 5
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