Longest River of India and Its Tributary - Ganga and Yamuna

A. The longest River of India is the Ganges River and the longest tributary is the Yamuna River.

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The River Ganges

• The length of the river Ganga is 2525 km or 1569 miles.
• Ganga river is the national river of India.
• It passes through the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal.
• India's first National Waterway No. - 01 (WH- 01) is located on the river Ganga, which is from Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh) to Haldia (West Bengal).
• The origin of the Ganges River is the Gangotri Glacier located in Uttarakhand (India).
• Ganga is actually the confluence (Devprayag) of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda rivers.
• It enters the plains near Haridwar.
• It is joined by the Yamuna River (at Prayag, Allahabad), the Son River (at Patna) and the Damodar River, known as the Sorrow of Bengal (at Calcutta) from the right side.
• From left side Ramganga river (near Kannauj), Gomti river (near Ghazipur), Ghaghra river (near Chhapra), Gandak river (in Sonepur, east of Patna), Budhi Gandak river, Kosi river called Sorrow of Bihar (Bihar) in), Mahananda River (in West Bengal), the last left bank river in India, the Brahmaputra River (east of Pabna, near Golundo – in Bangladesh where it is known as Jamuna).
• In Calcutta, the river Ganga is known as Hooghly. Hooghly is called the 'world's most treacherous river'.
• Calcutta port is located on the banks of Hooghly river, which is called 'London of the East'.
• After Chandpur located in Bangladesh, it divides into many water distributaries and joins the Bay of Bengal.
• The Ganga-Brahmaputra river delta is considered to be the world's largest delta, which extends between the Meghna and Hooghly rivers.
• Due to Sundari tree covering most of the delta, it is called 'Sundarban (West Bengal)'.
• The cities of Rishikesh, Haridwar, Garhmukteshwar, Farukhabad, Kanpur, Allahabad, Vindhyachal, Mirzapur, Chunar, Varanasi (Banaras), Ghazipur, Buxar, Ballia, Patna, Hajipur, Munger, Bhagalpur, Calcutta, Gangasagar etc. are located on the banks of river Ganges.
• The Government of India has started a project named 'Namami Gange' for the protection and cleaning of river Ganges.
• The following are the tributaries and places found in the Ganges –
• Alaknanda + Dhaulaganga = Vishnuprayag
• Alaknanda + Mandakini = Nandprayag
• Alaknanda + Pindar = Karnaprayag
• Alaknanda + Vasuk Ganga = Rudraprayag
• Alaknanda + Bhagirathi = Devprayag
• Ganga + Yamuna + Saraswati = Prayag (Allahabad)

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B. India's longest tributary – Yamuna river

Yamuna River

• The Yamuna River is the largest tributary of the Ganges.
• Its length is 1376 km or 855 miles.
• It originated from Yamunotri in Uttarakhand.
• It joins the Ganges River at a place called Prayag in Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh). This place is called Sangam. The Saraswati river which has now become extinct, joins the Ganges at this place.
• It flows in the states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi.
• The rivers Hindon (just before Delhi), Sharda, Giri, Rishiganga, Hanuman Ganga etc. join it from its left side.
• From its right side Chambal (Etawah - in Sohan village located in the south east of U.P.), Betwa, Ken (in Chilla village near Fatehpur), Kali Sindh, Tons (Kalsi near Dehradun) etc. rivers join it.
• Yamuna Nagar (Haryana), Delhi, Mathura, Agra, Etawah, Kalpi, Allahabad are situated on the banks of river Yamuna.

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