Union and State Territories - Article 1 - 4

Union and State Territories - Article 1 - 4

Under Part-I (Article 1-4) of the Indian Constitution, the union and its territory have been described. After independence, a State Reorganization Commission was formed under the chairmanship of Fazal Ali for the creation of new states, on whose recommendation 14 states and 6 union territories were established on 1 November 1956. At the time of independence, 5 colonies of France and 3 colonies of Portugal and native states were merged into the Indian Union. At present, the Republic of India consists of 28 states and 9 union territories.

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Classification

Under the Indian Constitution, The States of the Indian Union are classified into four parts –

1. Part 'A' - Those were the states, where the governor of British India ruled.
2. Part 'B' - Those states where there was royal rule with the state legislature. Their number was 9.
3. Part 'C' - Those states which were ruled by the Chief Commissioner of British India.
4. Part 'D' - Andaman and Nicobar Islands alone have been kept in this part.

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Article – 1

According to this article Bharat ie India will be a union of states. The States of India and the territories thereof shall be such as are specified in the First Schedule. The territories of the states, union territories and acquired territories are included in the territory of India. At present, the names of 28 states and 9 union territories included in the Republic of India are as follows –

• The Union of States or the federal system is inspired by the British North American Act (Canada).
• Seven Sisters of India are jointly called seven states located in the east of India, which include Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Meghalaya and Mizoram.
• North East Frontier — Manipur
• At the time of Independence - 
1. France had five colonies, including Pondicherry, Karaikal (Tamil Nadu), Mahe (Kerala), Yanam (Andhra Pradesh), Chandranagar (West Bengal). 
2. Portugal had three colonies, in which Goa, Daman, Diu were there.

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 Sr. No.  --  State  —  Their Capital

1. Punjab — Chandigarh
2. Rajasthan — Jaipur
3. Gujarat — Gandhinagar
4. Andhra Pradesh — Amaravati (Legislative), Visakhapatnam (Executive), Kurnool (Judicial)
5. Tamil Nadu — Chennai
6. Karnataka — Bangalore (Mysore was renamed Karnataka by the Change of Name Act 1973.)
7. Maharashtra — Mumbai, Nagpur (Winter session of Vidhansabha in Nagpur)
8. Madhya Pradesh — Bhopal
9. Uttar Pradesh — Lucknow
10. Bihar — Patna
11. Jharkhand — Ranchi
12. Uttarakhand — Dehradun
13. West Bengal — Kolkata
14. Himachal Pradesh – Shimla (summer), Dharamshala (winter)
15. Haryana — Chandigarh
16. Kerala — Thiruvananthapuram
17. Assam — Dispur
18. Nagaland — Kohima
19. Manipur — Imphal
20. Tripura — Agartala
21. Meghalaya — Shillong
22. Sikkim — Gangtok (Given full statehood by the 36th amendment.)
23. Mizoram – Aizawl
24. Arunachal Pradesh — Itanagar
25. Goa — Panaji
26. Telangana — Hyderabad
27. Orissa — Bhubaneswar
28. Chhattisgarh — Raipur

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   Sr. No.   --   Union Territory State   --   Capital

1. Delhi — Delhi (Given the status of National Capital Territory by the 69th Constitutional Amendment)
2. Lakshadweep – Kavaratti
3. Puducherry — Pondicherry
4. Chandigarh — Chandigarh
5. Daman and Diu – Daman
6. Dadra and Nagar Haveli — Silvassa
7. Andaman and Nicobar Islands – Port Blair
8. Jammu and Kashmir (except Kargil and Leh, rest of Jammu and Kashmir and POK's Mirpur, Muzaffarabad) –
9. Ladakh (Kargil and Leh district) –

Heredity and Variations

Article - 2

According to this article, the Parliament of India can admit or establish new states under the terms and conditions.

Article - 3

Under this article, the Indian Parliament will have the power to create new states and change the areas, boundaries or names of the existing states, but the Indian state will not have the right to hand over to any foreign hand. under this article

(a) Parliament may form a new State by separating its territory from any State or by joining parts of two or more States or by joining any territory from a part of any State.

(b) increase or (c) decrease the area of any State.

(d) alter the boundaries of any State.

(e) alter the name of any State.

Provided that no Bill for this purpose shall be restored to either House of Parliament without the assent of the President and, where necessary, until the opinion of the Legislature of that State appears within the given time or the expiry of the given period. Can't be done

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Following are The Formation/Reorganization Dates of Indian States —

   Sr. No. - State    -    Reorganization Date

1. Jammu and Kashmir — 26 October 1947 (on August 5, 2019, by amending Article 370 by the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act 2019, two Union Territories, the first – Jammu Kashmir and the second – Ladakh, were created, both of these states came into existence on October 31, 2019 have come.)
2. Orissa — 19 August 1949
3. Uttar Pradesh — 26 January 1950
4. Rajasthan — 1 November 1956
5. Madhya Pradesh — 1 November 1956
6. Karnataka - The state was formed in 1956 under the name of Mysore, which was renamed as Karnataka on November 1, 1973.
7. Andhra Pradesh - 1 October 1953 AD (First state formed on the basis of language)
8. Bihar - became a separate state in 1936 AD and got its present form by reorganization in 1956 AD.
9. West Bengal — came into existence by the States Reorganization Act 1956.
10. Assam — came into existence by the States Reorganization Act 1956.
11. Punjab - 1 November 1956 AD
12. Kerala - 1 November 1956 AD
13. Maharashtra - 1 May 1960 AD
14. Gujarat - 1 May 1960 AD
15. Nagaland - 1 December 1963 AD
16. Haryana - 1 November 1966 AD
17. Tamil Nadu - 14 January 1969 AD
18. Meghalaya — established as an autonomous state on 2 April 1970 and as a full-fledged state on 21 January 1972.
19. Himachal Pradesh - 25 January 1971 AD
20. Manipur - 21 January 1972 AD
21. Tripura - 21 January 1972 AD
22. Sikkim - 16 May 1975 AD
23. Arunachal Pradesh - 20 February 1987 AD
24. Mizoram - February 1987 AD
25. Chhattisgarh - 1 November 2000 AD
26. Goa - 30 May 1987 AD
27. Uttarakhand - 9 November 2000 AD
28. Jharkhand - 15 November 2000 AD
29. Telangana - 2 June 1914 AD

Andhra Pradesh is the first state in the country formed on linguistic basis, which was formed on October 1, 1953.

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