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Stars : Origin And Destruction

The planet we live on is a small planet in the Milky Way named Mandakini. Innumerable stars and planets and satellites are present in the Akash Ganga. But we are talking about the process of formation and destruction of stars, how a star is born and when and under what circumstances it is destroyed ?

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Galaxy

A huge bunch (group) of innumerable stars is called a galaxy. According to an estimate, there are 100 billion galaxies in the universe. Our earth is a planet of the galaxy named Mandakini. Its shape is spiral. The nearest galaxy to Mandakini is 'Adromeda', which is located at a distance of 2.2 million light years.

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The 'Milky Way' is a group of stars visible at night, while the 'Arion Nebula' is the coolest and brightest group of stars in our galaxy.

The Sun is a bright star in our galaxy. The closest star near it is 'Proxima Centuri', which is at a distance of 4.3 light years from the Sun.

Origin Of a Star 

Many gases with light and heavy nuclei are present in the galaxy, due to the rotation of the galaxy, these gases also rotate, due to which the fusion of nuclei starts in their center due to gravity, and hydrogen starts to form into helium. This state is called Star.

Red Giants

When the process of nuclear fusion in the center of the star ends (when the hydrogen atoms in the center are exhausted), the central part of the star becomes compressed and heated, but due to the presence of hydrogen in the outer layer of the star, the process of nuclear fusion continues there. keeps on moving In this way, the star slowly cools down and starts appearing red. This stage of the star is called Red Giants.

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Supernova

Now the helium formed after the hydrogen in the center starts converting into carbon and carbon starts turning into elements with heavy nuclei. As a result of which a rapid explosion occurs in the center of the star. Which is called supernova or this state of the star is called supernova. And this explosion is called supernova explosion.

White Dwarf  And  Black Dwarf 

After the supernova explosion, the fragments (highly dense cores of small stars) whose mass is less than the Chandrasekhar limit (1.4 Ms, where Ms is the mass of the Sun), then it loses its nuclear energy and turns into a white dwarf. It is also called fossil star. The white dwarf cools down and turns into a black dwarf.

Pulsar

After the supernova explosion, the fragments (the residual part of the highly dense core) whose mass exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit of 1.4 Ms, then the free electrons go out leaving the nucleus due to the excessive velocity. This state of the star is called neutron star or pulsar star. Neutron stars rotate very fast and emit electromagnetic rays.

Black Hole

The neutron star continues to shrink for a long time, which results in: A large amount of mass is concentrated in a single point. In this way, such a concentrated body of infinite density is called a black hole. It is not possible for any substance, even light, to escape from the black hole. The concept of black hole was given by John Wheeler.

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Solar Flames

The Sun is also a star. Sometimes the storm of atoms emerges from the Sun's photosphere so fast that it crosses the Sun's power of attraction and goes out into space, this is called a solar flare.

When this solar flare enters the Earth's atmosphere, it collides with air particles and produces colored light. It can be seen on the north and south poles of our earth. At the North Pole it is called 'Aurora Borealis' and at the South Pole it is called 'Aurora Australis'.


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Sun Spots

Black spots are visible from the place of the Sun from where the solar flame is ejected. These are called sunspots. This part is cooler than other parts of the Sun, the temperature here is around 1500 degree Celsius. Sunspots emit strong magnetic radiation, which disrupts wireless communication on Earth.

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