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Important Facts of India : Basic GK

Important Facts of India

There are many facts and points related to India, such as National Symbols, geographical facts, facts related to constitutional posts, etc., which are often asked in various competitive exams. These facts are those facts, which are universal truth and there is hardly any possibility of change in them. There are some changes from time to time in the facts related to the biggest, longest and tallest etc., for which current affairs and newspapers and news It is necessary to keep yourself updated through the channel.

Important Facts of India - unity

Facts Belong to India 

We will see the national symbol of India and other geographical national symbols in different categories. Along with being a national symbol, it also explains the history of India's cultural diversity.

National Symbols

  • National Flag : Tricolor (adopted on 22 July 1947)
  • National Anthem : Jana-Gana-Mana (composed by Rabindranath Tagore, published in Tatvabodhini Patrika in 1912, adopted on 24 January 1950)
  • National Song : Vande Mataram (Collected in the novel Anand Math by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, adopted on 26 January 1950)
  • Flag Salutation : The victorious world tricolor is dear, our flag should remain high (composed by councilor Shyam Lal Gupta)
  • National Flag Song : The lovely flag of India
  • National Symbol : Ashoka Chakra / Ashoka Pillar (Adopted on 26 January 1950, taken from the Ashoka Pillar of Sarnath. This is the main basis of our national emblem of India)
  • National Sentence : Satyamev Jayate (Adopted as National sentence on 26 January 1950)
  • Official Language : Hindi (mentioned in Part 17, Article 343 of the Indian Constitution)
  • National Script : Devanagari (mentioned in Part 17, Article 343 of the Constitution of India)
  • Number : Internationally accepted number (mentioned in Part 17, Article 343 of the Indian Constitution)
  • National Calendar : Saka Samvat (adopted on 22 March 1957)
  • National Currency : Rupee
  • National Sweet : Jalebi
  • Father of the Nation : Mahatma Gandhi (full name – Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore called Gandhiji a Mahatma, while Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose first called him the Father of the Nation)
  • National Festival : 15 August (Independence Day), 26 January (Republic Day), 2 October (Gandhi Jayanti)
  • National River : Ganges (origin - from Gangotri near Mansarovar Lake in the Himalayan Mountains)
  • National Flower : Lotus (Scientific name – Nelumbo nucifera) click here for botanical name of other plants
  • National Fruit : Mango - Mango (Scientific name - Mangifera indica) click here for botanical name of other plants
  • National Tree : Banyan tree (Scientific name – Ficus benghalensis)
  • National Animal : Tiger – Tiger (Scientific name – Panthera tigris)
  • National Heritage Animal of India : Elephant – Scientific name – Elephas maximus
  • National Bird : Peacock – Peacock (Scientific name – Pavo cristatus)
  • National Aquatic Animal : Ganga Dolphin (Scientific name – Platanista gangetica)
  • National Slogan : Shramev Jayate
  • National Award : Bharat Ratna
  • National Foreign Policy : Non-Aligned
  • National Information Sheet / Document : White Paper
  • National Plan : Five Year Plan
  • National Game : Hockey
  • Nationality : Indian
Ministries and Departments of Govt. of India : A Brief Outline

Geographical Facts of India

  • Longest Road : NH 44 (Srinagar to Kanyakumari, length – 3745 km, passes through about 11 states. It was earlier known as NH 7, which goes from Varanasi to Kanyakumari. Streamlining of highways by Government of India Later it was extended to Srinagar)
  • Longest Road Tunnel : Chenani-Nasari Tunnel (Length of tunnel located on NH 44 – 9 km approximately which connects Jammu to Kashmir)
  • Longest Road Bridge : Bhupen Hazarika Setu or Dhola Sadiya Setu (9.15 km / 5.69 mi long) This bridge is built on the Lohit River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra River, which connects Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.
  • Tallest Tower : Qutub Minar, Delhi (built by Qutubuddin, height – 72.5 m and base diameter – 14.32 m)
  • Longest Rail Route : From Dibrugarh, Assam to Kanyakumari, Kerala (Length – 4233 km, ninth longest rail route in the world passing through eight states)
  • Train Covering the Longest Distance : Vivek Express (Distance of 4233 km on Dibrugarh-Kanyakumari railway, this train was run on the name of Swami Vivekananda on his 150th birth anniversary)
  • Longest Rail Tunnel : Pir Panjal Rail Tunnel or Banihal Rail Tunnel (The length of this tunnel located in the state of Jammu and Kashmir is 11.215 km or 7 miles)
  • Longest Platform : Gorakhpur Junction, Uttar Pradesh (Its length is 1366.4 meters / 4483 feet. But soon a longer railway platform is being built at Hubli station in Karnataka, which will be approximately 1400 meters long)
  • Longest River : Ganga River
  • Longest Tributary : Yamuna
  • Highest Dam : Tehri Dam, Uttarakhand (also known as Swami Ramteerth Sagar Dam. It is built on the Bhagirathi and Bhilangana rivers, with a height of 857 feet / 260.5 meters and a length of 575 meters. It is the second largest dam in Asia and the eighth largest in the world. It is the second highest dam in India after it – Bhakhra Dam, whose height is 226 meters.)
  • Longest Dam : Hirakud Dam, Orissa (It is built on Mahanadi, whose length is 4800 meters)
  • Deepest River Valley : Bhagirathi and Alaknanda
  • Largest Lake : Wular Lake, Jammu and Kashmir
  • Largest Brackish Water Lake : Chilka Lake, Orissa
  • Largest Artificial Lake : Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar, Punjab (built on Bhakhra Dam)
  • Largest River Island : Majuli, Assam (built on the Brahmaputra river)
  • Largest Delta : Sunderbans Delta, West Bengal (formed at the mouth of river Ganges)
  • Most River Changing Course: Kosi river
  • Rivers that do not form delta: Narmada and Tapti rivers
  • Longest river of South India: Godavari River (also known as Ganga of South India)
  • Longest Canal: Indira Gandhi Canal (Punjab started from Harike Barrage, Harike a little below the confluence of Sutlej and Beas rivers and ends in Thar Desert, Rajasthan)
  • Largest Glacier: Siachen Glacier (located on the India-Pakistan border in the eastern Karakoram of the Himalayan range)
  • Place of highest rainfall: According to the records of 2019 at present, Mahabaleshwar is there. Earlier it was Cherrapunji, Meghalaya.
  • State with the longest coastline: Gujarat (1214.7 km long)
  • Longest Beach: Marina Beach, Chennai
  • Highest waterfall: Kuchikal Falls (Height – 455 m, located in Shimoga district of Karnataka)
  • Largest desert: Thar, Rajasthan (It is also called the Great Indian Desert. It is spread over an area of about 200,000 square km or 77,000 square miles.)
  • Biggest Zoo: Zoological Garden, Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal
  • Largest Zoological park: Arignar Anna Zoological Park, Vandalur, Tamil Nadu
  • Highest peak: Gondwin Austin / K2 (It is also the third highest peak in the world. Its height is 8586 meters / 28169 feet. It is located in Sikkim on the Indo-Nepal border)
  • State with maximum forest: Madhya Pradesh
  • Highest Gate: Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri, Uttar Pradesh (It is also the biggest gate in the world. It was built by Akbar)
  • Largest dome: Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur (It is also the second largest Gol Gumbaz in the world. Its diameter is 44 meters and height is 51 meters. It is the tomb of Sultan Muhammad Adil Shah of Bijapur)
  • Tallest Statue: Statue of Unity, Ahmedabad, Gujarat (It is the tallest statue not only in India but also in the world. Built near the Narmada Dam on the banks of the Narmada River, the height of this statue is 182 meters / 597 feet)
  • Largest Mosque: Tajul Masjid, Bhopal (Jama Masjid is known as the largest mosque in India, but according to records, Tajul Masjid of Bhopal is the largest mosque not only in India but also in Asia)
  • Smallest Mosque: Two and a Half Steps Mosque, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (It is also the smallest mosque in Asia. On the walls of Fateh Gad fort on the banks of Badi Talab in the old city of Bhopal)
  • Largest Corridor: Rameshwaram Temple, Tamil Nadu
  • Largest lever bridge: Howrah Bridge, Kolkata, West Bengal (Its official name is Rabindra Setu. It is a type of suspension bridge built over the Hooghly River, the Ganges River itself is called Hooghly in West Bengal)
  • Largest natural harbour: Mumbai, Maharashtra
  • Highest Gallantry Award – Wartime: Param Vir Chakra (Designed by Savitri Khanolkar and remained unchanged since 1950. It is a circular bronze medal with a diameter of 1.38 inches. With the state emblem in the centre.) Along side there are four replicas of Indra's Vajra and on the other side with lotus flowers, Paramveer Chakra is written in Hindi and English. Its ribbon is of purple colour.)
  • Highest Gallantry Award – Peacetime: Ashoka Chakra (1.38 inches in diameter, with a replica of the Ashoka Chakra in the center of its obverse and a lotus flower garland around it. Ashika Chakra is written on the other side in English and Hindi) Its ribbon is orange and green)
  • Highest Award: Bharat Ratna
  • Largest Gurdwara: Golden Temple, Amritsar (also known as Sri Harimandir Sahib or Darbar Sahib. It was built by Guru Ram Das himself)
  • Largest Church: Saint Cathedral Church, Goa
  • Largest Planetarium: Birla Planetarium, Kolkata, West Bengal
  • Highest Airport: Leh, Ladakh
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