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Largest Salt Water Coastal Lake in India – Chilka Lake

Chilka Lake

  • Chilka Lake is the largest lagoon and brackish water lake in India. It is located in the state of Orissa and is spread over Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts of Orissa.
  • It was included in the Ramsar land list in 1981.
  • Chilka Lake covers an area of 3560 sq km or 1370 sq mi. Its length is 64.3 km or 40 miles.
  • Many small islands are found inside Chilka Lake, of which Nalabana Island is prominent. The island is spread over an area of 16 sq km and was declared a bird sanctuary in 1987. Other islands present here are Kalijayi, Somolo, Rajhansh etc. which increase tourism here.
lake

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  • Chilka Lake is also a major center of biodiversity. Many animals and plants have found protection in the salty water here.
  • About 160 species of birds are found in Chilka Lake. Many migratory birds come here during the winter season. The major migratory birds that come here are flamingo, heron, kingfisher etc. Some migratory birds come here after covering a distance of several thousand kms, about 16000 kms.
  • The main source of business and income of the natives and fishermen here is fishing in Chilka Lake as well as catching lobster. But at present, due to the increase in the demand of lobster, its excessive exploitation is affecting the bio-balance of Chilka Lake, which has posed a threat to the existence of other fauna and flora.
  • Accumulation of silt at the bottom of Chilka Lake, narrowing of waterways between the sea and the lake and decrease in its salinity are major problems of Chilka Lake. Due to which many creatures there have come in the list of endangered creatures.
  • Irrawaddy dolphin, dugong or sea cow, blackbuck, fishing cat and green sea turtle etc. are prominent among the threatened creatures.


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