Lakes and Its Types : India and The World

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Lakes of India and The World 

The areas located on the continents surrounded by land from all sides are called Lakes. Lakes of India and the world are examples of this. Like – Sambhar Lake, Chilka Lake, Loktak Lake etc. in India. Apart from this, the size of the lakes can also be very large. Like – Caspian Sea, Dead Sea etc.

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Classification of Lakes

  1. Turbulent Lake 
    • Rift Valley or Rift Lake
    • Navasthal Lake
    • Coastal Lake or Seismicated Lake
  2. Lake Formed by Volcanic Action
    • Lava Dam or Coolie Lake
    • Lakes of Lava Territory
    • Crater Lake 
  3. Glacial Lake 
    • Tarn or Himtal or Kori or Glint lake 
    • Snowfall or Paternaster Lake 
    • Piedmont Lake 
    • Snowy Lake 
  4. Lake Formed by Rivers 
    • Fallen Lake 
    • Deltai Lake 
    • Gokhur Lake or Visharp or Chhadan Lake   
  5. Lake Formed by The Wind 
    • Playa or Salanas Lakes 
  6. Lake Formed by Underground Water 
    • Trough Lake 
  7. Landslide Lake  

1. Turbulent Lake

The lakes formed by the earth movements caused by the endogenous forces on the earth come under this category. These have also been divided into many parts.

  • Rift Valley or Rift Lake
  • Navasthal Lake
  • Coastal Lake or Seismicated Lake

(a) Rift Valley or Rift Lake

They are caused by the filling of water in the cracks formed as a result of ground movement. Example – Dead Sea, Lake Baikal, Lake Tanganyika etc.

(b) Navasthal Lake

When the continental submerged coast rises above the sea level due to land movement, the pits made in them get filled with water, due to which the Navasthal Lake is formed. Example – Caspian Sea.

(c) Coastal Lake or Seismicated Lake

This type of lake is formed as a result of an earthquake. Example – Lake Geneva (Switzerland)

             Fold - Endogenous Force

2. Lake Formed by Volcanic Action

Such lakes are formed due to volcanic activity.

  • Lava Dam or Coolie Lake
  • Lakes of Lava Territory
  • Crater Lake

(a) Lava Dam or Coolie Lake

Due to volcanic activity, if the flow of lava is blocked in the river channels or by making dams, then the water of the river takes the form of a lake. This type of lake is called Lava Dam or Kuli Lake. Example – Ethiopia's Lake Tana is formed by the solidification of lava in the course of the Blue Nile.

(b) Lakes of Lava Territory

The spread of lava in volcanic regions is not uniform, due to which they are generated. Example – Such lakes are found in the Deccan regions of India.

(c) Crater Lake

Crater lake is formed as a result of filling of water in the crater formed after volcanic activity. Example – India's Lonar and Pushkar Lake, Bolivia's Titicaca Lake.

3. Glacial Lake

Lakes formed by glaciers come under this category.

  • Tarn or Himtal or Kori or Glint lake
  • Snowfall or Paternaster Lake
  • Piedmont Lake
  • Snowy Lake

(a) Tarn or Himtal or Kori or Glint lake

It is formed as a result of the erosion of glaciers.

(b) Snowfall or Paternaster Lake

  They are formed by the filling of water in the pits of the steps formed by the erosion of glaciers.

(c) Piedmont Lake

Lakes formed by the erosion of glaciers at the foot of mountains are called Piedmont Lakes. Example – Lake Lucerne.

(e) Snowy Lake

Such lakes are found in Finland.

Rock & It's Types

4. Lake Formed by Rivers

This type of lake is formed due to the process of erosion and deposition of rivers.

  • Fallen Lake
  • Deltai Lake
  • Gokhur Lake or Visharp or Chhadan Lake 

(a) Fallen Lake

This lake is formed by the expansion of the water filled under the water falls. Example – Chachai Lake (Uttar Pradesh).

(b) Deltai Lake

They originate in the Delta regions. Example – Kolleru Lake of Godavari River, Mayeh Lake of Nile River.

(c) Gokhur Lake or Visharp or Chhadan Lake 

When the poison gets mixed with the river routes, it remains filled with water due to which it is formed.

5. Lake Formed by The Wind

( a ) Playa or Salanas Lakes 

These are temporary lakes and are formed due to wind erosion.

6. Lake Formed by Underground Water

( a ) Trough Lake

It is formed when underground water fills a trough and takes a wide shape.

7. Landslide Lake

Such lakes are formed as a result of landslides caused by endogenous forces. Example – Gohna Lake (Himalayan region).

           Volcanoes and Its Types 
  

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